What is erythrogenic toxin?

Erythrogenic toxin is a bacterial toxin produced by certain strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, also known as group A Streptococcus. This toxin is responsible for the characteristic rash seen in scarlet fever, a disease caused by the streptococcal bacteria.

Erythrogenic toxin is a superantigen, meaning it interacts with the immune system in a way that is different from traditional antigens. It activates a large number of T-cells, leading to the release of cytokines and causing an exaggerated immune response. This results in the symptoms of scarlet fever, including a red rash, high fever, sore throat, and swollen lymph nodes.

The toxin is heat stable and can survive cooking, which is why scarlet fever can be transmitted through contaminated food or respiratory droplets. Treatment typically involves antibiotics to target the underlying streptococcal infection.

It is important to seek medical attention if you suspect scarlet fever, as complications can arise if left untreated.